MICROPLASTICS IN SOIL–PLANT INTERACTIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs), defined as plastic particles <5 mm, have emerged as a pervasive contaminant in terrestrial ecosystems, particularly agricultural soils. Their accumulation affects soil structure, microbial communities, nutrient cycling, and plant physiology. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the sources, distribution, mechanisms of interaction, plant uptake, and ecological impacts of microplastics in soil–plant systems. It also highlights knowledge gaps and future research directions for sustainable agriculture.